BS 5672:1991 pdf free download.Specification for Designation of the direction of rotation and of cylinders and valves in cylinder heads, and definition of right-hand and left-hand in-line engines and locations on an engine for reciprocating internal combustion engines.
1 Scope
BS 5672 specifies methods of designating the direction of rotation and the cylinders of reciprocating internal combustion engines and of designating a specific valve in a cylinder head when the cylinder head is mounted on the engine or dismantled.
It defines right-hand and left-hand in-line reciprocating internal combustion engines and locations on a reciprocating internal combustion engine so that the position of equipment on the engine can be described.
It applies to reciprocating internal combustion engines for land, rail-traction and marine use, excluding engines used to propel agricultural tractors, road vehicles and aircraft. It may by applied to engines used to propel road-construction and earth-moving machines. industrial trucks and for other applications where no suitable International Standard for these engines exists.
2 Definitions of locations on an engine
For the purposes of this International Standard, the following definitions apply (see Figure 1).
NOTE 1 For the position of the observer, see clause 4.
2.1
driving end
the portion of the engine which is substantially nearest to the observer
2.2
free end
the portion of the engine which is substantially most remote from the observer
2.3
left side
the portion of the engine which is substantially on the left of the engine as viewed by the observer
2.4
right side
the position of the engine which is substantially on the right of the engine as viewed by the observer
2.5
top
the portion of the engine which is substantially at the top of the engine as viewed by the observer
2.6
bottom
the portion of the engine which is substantially at the bottom of the engine as viewed by the observer
NOTE 2 In the case of an engine with a vertical driving shaft, it is not possible to determine the left side, right side, top and bottom. The definition of driving end only may be used and other locations must be described by the manufacturer by reference to easily identifiable components.
2.7
operating side
the portion of the engine where the engine is started, controlled during the operation and stopped
2.8
exhaust side
the portion of the engine where the exhaust manifold is located
4.1.2 The position of the observer relative to an engine with more than one bank of cylinders shall, in accordance with 4.1.1. be determined relative to the main shaft through which (inside the engine) the total power of all cylinders is transmitted.
4.1.3 If the engine has more than one driving shaft extremity, the manufacturer shall state which shaft extremity is referred to when designating the direction of rotation and the cylinders, and when defining in-line engines as right-hand or left-hand and the locations on an engine.
4.2 Designation of valves in cylinder heads The position and direction of view of the observer when designating the valves in cylinder heads shall be as given in 4.2.1 to 4.2.3.
4.2.1 For in-line engines, the position of the observer is considered to be to the side of the cylinder bank opposite to the side on which the exhaust manifold is located, the observer directing his view towards the valves of one cylinder (see Figure 4).
6.1 In-line engines
Each individual cylinder of an in-line (single bank) engine shall be designated by numbers only, starting with number I for the cylinder nearest the observer (see clause 4). then number 2 for the next cylinder, etc. [see Figure 6 a), Figure 6 b) and Figure 6 c)1.
The cylinder of a single-cylinder engine shall be designated by the number 1.
6.2 Engines with more than one bank
6.2.1 Individual cylinders of an engine with more than one bank (see Figure 7) shall be designated by combinations of a capital letter and a number, for example Al, B6, D6.
The letters shall he allocated by taking an imaginary semi-plane P centred upon the axis of the driving crankshaft. (This crankshaft is assumed to be in a horizontal position.) The semi-plane P is imagined to be rotating in a clockwise direction. The starting position of this semi-plane shall be horizontal and to the left (i.e. in the 9 o’clock position) of the observer (see clause 4).
The first bank through which this clockwise-rotating semi-plane moves, including a bank at the starting position, shall be designated by the capital letter A. the following bank by the capital letter B, etc. [see Figure 8 a) to Figure 8 h)].
8 Definition of right-hand and left-hand in-line engines
The location of the exhaust pipes is the deciding factor in defining right-hand and left-hand in-line engines.
NOTE 7 The exhaust pipes are used as the datum for this designation only when there is one single set of exhaust pipes, the centreline of which does not lie in the plane which contains the cylinder centres. (The figures show one exhaust pipe only.) NOTE 8 The definition of right-hand and left-hand in-line engines is determined in relation to the position of an observer, and only applies where the exhaust pipes are on one side of the engine.
8.1 In-line engines with vertical cylinders located above the shaft which provides the driving extremity
8.1.1 Right-hand in-line engine
A right-hand in-line engine is any engine with the exhaust pipes located to the right of the plane which contains the cylinder centres, as viewed from the observer’s position described in 4.1.1
[see Figure 13 a) and Figure 13 c)].
8.1.2 Left-hand in-line engine
A left-hand in-line engine is an engine with the exhaust pipes located to the left of the plane which contains the cylinder centres, as viewed from the observer’s position described in 4.1.1
free Figure 13 b) and Figure 13 d)].
8.2 In-line engine with a cylinder arrangement other than that in 8.1
An in-line engine in which the cylinders are not located in a vertical plane above t.he shaft which provides the driving extremity shall be given an imaginary rotation about the axis of this shaft until they are in such a position.
In accordance with 8.1, the engine is then designated according to the location of the exhaust pipes as a right-hand in-line engine
[see Figure 14 a), Figure 14 c) and Figure 14 e)j or a left-hand in-line engine [see Figure 14 b), Figure 14 d) and Figure 14 f)j.
For opposed-piston engines as shown in Figure 14 e) and Figure 14 0, the imaginary rotation of the engine about the axis of the shaft which provides the driving extremity shall be such that the cylinder parts to which the exhaust pipes are connected will be in a vertical position above this shaft.